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In this issue :
Editorial
Dr. Patnaik. V.V. Gopichand
A Study of Histology of Human Ductus Arteriosus-Before and After Birth
Baig Mirza Mujahid and Gaikwad P.G.
Department of Anatomy, Dr. V.M. Medical College, Solapur. INDIA
Patterns of Talar Articular Facets of Egyptian Calcanei
Saadeh F.A.1 Fuad A.H.,2 Mahmoud S.M.I.,2 Marwan E.E.1
1Department of Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
2Department of Anatomy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
Address for Correspondence
Anteversion In Adult Indian Femora
Nagar M, Bhardwaj R., Prakash R.
Department of Anatomy University College of Medical Sciences, Shahdara, Delhi-110095 India
Radial and Ulnar Deviation at the Wrist in Young Adult Females
Kakar S. and Kumar Dinesh
Department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi ? 110 001 INDIA.
Sexing Of The Femora
Leelavathy N, Rajangam S, Janakiram S., Thomas IM,
Department of Anatomy, St. Johnﾁfs Medical College, Bangalore ? 34 INDIA.
Development of Secondary Sex Characters in Punjabi Jat-Sikh Boys.
Singh Z.
Department of Anatomy, G.G.S. Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, INDIA.
A Comparative Study of Cervical Sympathetic Chain
Kalsey G.1, Mukherjee R.N.2 and Patnaik V.V.G.1
Department of Anatomy,1 Government Medical College Amritsar Punjab, 2Government Dental College Sunder Nagar, (H.P.), INDIA.
Role of Phreno-Esophageal Membrane And Mucosal Flaps in the Functioning of the Gastroesophageal Junction Morphologic And Microanatomic Study In Mammals Including Man.
Patnaik V.V.G. and *Mukerjee R.N.
Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab) and * Govt. Dental College, Sundernagar (H.P.) INDIA.
Effect of Female Oral Contraceptives On Human Chromosomes And Its Role In Behavioural Changes In offsprings
Kumar Keshaw, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences B.H.U., Varanasi, India.
Teratogenic Effects of Intra-amniotic Vitamin A on Rat Fetus
Mohanty C, Singh G.,
Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, B.H.U. Varanasi. (U.P.), INDIA.
Teratogenicity of Acrolein in Rats
Mohanty C., Singh G., Das B.K.1, Saxena A.K.
Department of Anatomy & 1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Bronchopulmonary Changes After Repeated Exposure To Cold Restraint Stress In Rats.
Bharihoke V., *Gupta M. and Gohil H.
Department of Anatomy, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095. INDIA.
*Department of Anatomy PGIMER Chandigarh.
Fatal anaphylactic shock due to novaglin injection: A case report.
Sahni Daisy, Jit Indar.
Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh.
Anomalous Course of Radial Artery And A Variant of Deep Palmar Arch-A Case Report
Patnaik V.V. Gopichand, Kalsey G. Singla Rajan K.
Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar. Punjab, INDIA.
Penile Agenesis : A Case Report
Singh P, 1Singh R.J., Sood V, Sapra A.
Department of Anatomy and 1Surgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. Punjab INDIA.
Rare Cutaneous Branches of Transverse Cervical Artery : A Case Report
Koshy S, Vettivel S.K.
Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
Variations of Superficial Veins of Head & Neck
Yadav S, Ghosh S.K., Anand C.
Department of Anatomy, Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra at Tanda-176601 (H.P.) INDIA.
Superficial Palmar Arch Duplication-A Case Report
Patnaik V.V. Gopichand, Kalsey G., Singla Rajan K.
Departmet of Anatomy, Govt. Medical Collage, Amritsar, Punjab INDIA.
Missing Caecum-A Case Report
Kaushal S., Batra A.P.S., Kaur M.
1Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Patiala.
Surgical Incisions - Their Anatomical Basis Part 1 - Head And Neck
Patnaik V.V.G.*, Singla R.K.* and Bala Sanjus
Department of Anatomy, *Govt. Medical College, Amritsar (Punjab) and sGovt. Dental College, Amritsar (Pb.) INDIA.
Applied Anatomy of Fascial Spaces In Head and Neck.
Singh T.P., Bala Sanju, 1Kalsey G., 1Singla Rajan K.
Department of oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Pb. Govt. Dental College, Amritsar.
1Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar. Punjab INDIA.
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Anat. Soc. India 49(1) 61-62 (2000)
Variations of Superficial Veins of Head & Neck
Yadav S, Ghosh S.K., Anand C. Department of Anatomy, Dr. R.P. Govt. Medical College, Kangra at Tanda-176601 (H.P.) INDIA.
Abstract : Knowledge of variations of superficial veins of head & neck in relation with external jugular vein, anterior jugular vein & anterior facial vein are important to surgeons doing head & neck surgery as well as to radiologists doing catheterization & to clinicians in general. During routine dissection of head & neck variations of above veins were observed in three different midle-aged Indian cadavers. In all three cases the anomaly was present unilaterally. Embryological evaluations of these anomalies was done & compared with available literature which showed that the anomalies are rare.
Keywords : Jugular vein, Facial vein.
Introduction The variations of the superficial veins of head & neck though common are important clinically. The external jugular vein is used as a venos manometer & for catheterization (Baumgartner et al, 1991). These are also important medico-legally & to the surgeon doing head & neck surgery (Salmary et al, 1991). We are reporting the anomalies of superficial veins of head & neck in several cadavers encountered during routine dissection at I.G. Medical College Shimla H.P. during the academic year 1994-95. 
Photograph -1
Variation of external jugular vein | 
Photograph-2
Abnormal anterior jugular vein | 
Photograph - 3
Abnormal termination of anterior facial vein Observations : Case-1 Variation of external jugular vein :?On a routine dissection in a middle aged male cadaver a unilateral (left) variation was noticed. External jugular vein was formed by the union of undivided retromandibular vein & anterior facial vein at the anterior margin of sternomastoid, posterior auricular vein joining it as a tributary. The vein crossed sternomastoid muscle superficially reaching the roof of posterior triangle, then turned medially, piercing the deep fascia & ending in internal jugular vein; above the level of the superior belly of omohyoid. (photograph-1). Case-2 Abnormal anterior jugular vein :?In a second cadaver of a middle-aged man, this variation was noted in the left side only. Common facial vein was formed in the usual manner by joining of anterior facial vein & anterior division of retromandibular vein. The common facial vein so formed coursed forward & medially reaching the median plane inferiorly below the thyroid cartilage taking the position of anterior jugular vein. Finally this thick vein arched laterally & pierced the deep fascia ending at the angle of the junction of internal jugular vein & subclavian vein, of the left side. A communication between external jugular vein & common facial vein was also seen before termination. (Photograph-2). Case-3 : Abnormal termination of anterior facial vein :?An abnormal termination of anterior facial vein in an old male cadaver was recorded. The anomaly was present only on the right side. The anterior facial vein didn't form common facial vein instead it ran obliquely laterally, deep to sternomastoid muscle but superficial to carotid vessels. It crossed the origin of facial artery and ended in external jugular vein. External jugular vein was formed in the usual manner by the union of retromandibular & posterior auricular vein & then coursed along the roof of posterior triangle, piercing the deep fascia below the emergence of supraclavicular nerve and terminated in the subclavian vein of the same side. (Photograph-3) Discussion Superficial veins of head & neck develop from superficial plexus of the capillaries, which will ultimately form primary head vein. Larger channels are formed by enlargement of individual capillaries, confluence of adjacent ones, regression of some from where the flow has been diverted. The factors controlling the selection & differentiation of the appropriate channels are not yet completely understood (Hamilton, Boyd & Mossman, 1972). 1. Variation of external jugular vein :?In the course of normal development, the deep part of cephalic venous ring along the medial end of clavicle forms subclavian vein & receives external jugular vein as a tributary. Primary head vein also joins the cephalic venous ring & forms internal jugular vein. In the present case external jugular drains into that portion of cephalic venous ring, which got incorporated into internal jugular vein. Subsequently with the elongation of neck the termination of external jugular vein moved higher up. We found this variation in one out of ten cadavers. Hollinshed (1957) reported that external jugular vein ended in internal jugular vein in one third of the cases. 2. Anterior facial vein anomaly : In our series one case of anterior facial vein ending as external jugular vein was noticed. Here possibly facial vein took over the territory of primitive maxillary vein & joined retormandibular vein. Pikkieff (1937), studied 96 cadavers but did not mention such anomaly. Chaudhary (1997) described a similar anomaly. 3. Anterior jugular vein : In this instance anterior jugular vein which normally develops from superficial plexuses of veins around head mesenchymae, retained its communication with primitive maxillary vein & lost its communication with primitive head veins. Thus anterior facial vein ran medially joining anterior jugular vein ending in cephalic venous ring i.e. junction of subclavian & internal jugular vein. Pikkieff (1937) described a median cervical vein in 6.2% of cases and absence of anterior jugular vein in 13.5% cases out of 96 cadavers. She did not mention this particular variation. This variation is similar to her description of median cervical vein & in present case it is one out of ten cadavers. References 1. Baumgartner, I. et al (1991): Diagnostic importance of jugular vein. Vasa 20(1) : 3-9
2. Brown, S. (1941): The external jugular vein in American ethnic & Negroes. American Journal of physical anthropology 28 : 213.
3. Chaudhary, R. et al (1997): Facial vein terminating in external jugular vein. An embryological interpretation. Surgical and Radiological Anatomy 19(2) : 73-77.
4. Dhillon, M.R. et al (1991). Jugular venous aneurysm ?a rare case of neck swelling. Singapore Medical Journal April 32(2) : 177-78
5. Hamilton, Boyd & Mossman. Human embryology 4th Edition. p 261 (1972)
6. Hollinshead. W.H.: Anatomy for surgeons; IInd Edition. Vol 1 : 530-531 (1956).
7. Jaroch, M. et al (1990) : Rapid identification of external jugular vein. Clinical Journal of Medicine, Jan-feb 57(1):95-96.
8. Kim, D. et al (1990): Vena Cava filter placement by external jugular vein. American Journal of Roentgenology Oct 155 (4) : 898-99.
9. Pikkieff, Ellen. (1937): Subcutaneous veins of the neck Journal of Anatomy 72 : 119.
10. Salmeri, KR. et al (1991): Unilateral congenital Aneurysm of jugular, linguo-facial & maxillary vein. Journal of American Veternary Medical Association Feb 15, 198 (4) : 651-54.
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